Biology and pathogenicity of cereal cyst nematodes on wheat in Ismailia, Egypt

Authors

  • Mohamed Baklawa Institute for National and International Plant Health

Abstract

A survey on cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) was carried out in wheat production areas in Ismailia province, Egypt. CCN were found in five out of seven regions in Ismailia. The highest incidence of CCN was found at El Shark location (West Sinai). All Egyptian populations were identified as Heterodera avenae based on morphometrics of cyst vulval cones and second stage juveniles. The Egyptian populations of H. avenae were related to H. avenae populations belonging to Type B based on ITS-RFLP patterns generated by restriction enzymes while a German population (Grafenreuth) of H. avenae was found related to Type A. Analyses of ITS region sequences confirmed the species identification of the Egyptian populations. They were clustered with H. avenae populations from Iran, Saudi Arabia, India and China. The hatching pattern of the Egyptian populations of H. avenae was similar to the Mediterranean ecotype with winter activity while the German population was similar to the Northern ecotype with spring activity. The reduction in grain yield of the Egyptian wheat cultivars by H. avenae ranged between 15 - 42% under greenhouse conditions. The Egyptian populations of H. avenae have the same virulence as pathotype Ha13 while the German population could be assigned to pathotype Ha11. The Egyptian wheat cultivar 'Sakha 93' could be classified as tolerant to H. avenae populations under greenhouse conditions. Control strategies such as early planting and rotation that are effective against the Mediterranean ecotype of H. avenae in several countries should be developed against the Egyptian populations of H. avenae.

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Published

2013-11-11

Issue

2013

Section

Dissertation

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