Some like it hot – some not: Differences in temperature preference of two parasitic wasp species

Abstract

Insect pests not only cause damage to crops in the field but also to stored products. One of the major pests in stored grain in Europe is the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.). The most commonly used biocontrol agent against this and other pests developing inside kernels or cocoons is Lariophagus distinguendus (Förster) a parasitic wasp belonging to the family of Pteromalidae. Another parasitic wasp of that family is Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard). Even though the two wasp species show very similar host finding and parasitisation behaviour, field experiments reveal that L. distinguendus and A. calandrae have different temperature requirements. Whereas parasitisation in L. distinguendus can already be observed at weekly mean temperatures of 9°C to 10°C, A. calandrae needs weekly mean temperatures of at least 11°C to 12°C. On the other hand, L. distinguendus is affected by high temperatures more easily than A. calandrae. Laboratory experiments under different constant temperatures confirm this finding. These findings suggest a temperature dependent release of either L. distinguendus or A. calandrae. At mean temperatures below 19°C, L. distinguendus should be used, at higher temperatures A. calandrae performs better.