Didymella sidae-hermaphroditae sp. nov., a new pathogen on Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby
Didymella sidae-hermaphroditae sp. nov., ein neues Pathogen an Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby
Journal für Kulturpflanzen, 68 (5). S. 130–133, 2016, ISSN 1867-0911, DOI: 10.5073/JfK.2016.05.03, Verlag Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart
Didymella sidae-hermaphroditae sp. nov., a new species collected on Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby, differs from other species of Didymella on this host and other Malvaceae in many cases in the diameter of the pycnidia and in length and width of the conidia.
Key words: Didymella sidae-hermaphroditae sp. nov., Sida hermaphrodita, Virginia mallow, symptoms, systematics, new species
Didymella sidae-hermaphroditae sp. nov., eine neue Art an Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby, unterscheidet sich von anderen Arten der Gattung Didymella auf diesem Wirt und anderen Malvaceae häufig im Durchmesser der Pyknidien und in Länge und Breite der Konidien.
Stichwörter: Didymella sidae-hermaphroditae sp. nov., Sida hermaphrodita, Virginiamalve, Symptome, Systematik, neue Art
On the species Sida only Ascochyta sidae Sawada, a non valide name, is known. In the family of the Malvaceae many species of the asexual state of Didymella are known (s. Table 1), but none of them on Sida hermaphrodita. In June 2015 a new species of Didymella was collected on living leaves of Sida hermaphrodita in Lower Austria.
Table 1. Ascochyta species on Malvaceae (in chronological order) according to the original descriptions
Species | Host plant | Diameter | Length | Width | Characteristics |
Ascochyta malvicola Sacc. (Saccardo, 1878) | Malva sylvestris | Dot-like, lens-shaped, perforated | 20 | 4 | Hyaline, short cylindrical, on both ends rounded, mildly constricted at the |
Ascochyta althaeina Sacc. & Bizz. (Saccardo and Bizzozero, 1884) | Althaea officinalis | Dot-like, black | 12.5–14 | 3 | Hyaline, 1-septate, nearly fusiform. |
Ascochyta althaeina Sacc. et Bizz. var. brunneo-cincta Passerini (Brunaud, 1886) | Althaea officinalis | 10 | 3.5 | Elliptical to oblong, 1-septate. | |
Ascochyta alceina Lambotte & Fautrey (Fautrey, 1899) | Alcea rosea | 7–10 | 3 (-4) | Nearly cylindrical or oblong, on both ends rounded, first one-celled then 1-septate, not constricted at the | |
Ascochyta montenegrina Bubák | Malva silvestris | Lens-shaped | 6–13 | 3–4.5 | Hyaline, short cylindrical, 1-septate at the midth and mildly constricted at the septum, on both ends rounded. |
Ascochyta malvae | Malva neglecta | Epiphyll, sparse, nearly covered, 150–200 | At first 6–9, afterwards 8–9 | At first 3–4, afterwards 3.5 | At first cylindrical or ovoid, afterwards cylindrical and in the midth |
Ascochyta abutilonis Hollós (Hollós, 1909) | Abutilon avicenne | Epiphyll, 140–190 | 8–9 | 3–4 | Hyaline, elliptical-fusiform, at first one-celled, afterwards |
Ascochyta malvae Died. 1912 (Diedicke, 1915) | Homonym | Epiphyll, | 7–10 | 3–4 | Nearly cylindrical or oblong-ellpsoid, on both ends rounded, |
Ascochyta gossypii Woron. (1915) | = non Phoma gossypii Sacc. (Saccardo, 1880) | 12(–14) | 8 | Hyaline, straight or slightly curved, | |
Ascochyta gossypii Syd. (Sydow et al., 1916) | = Homonym zu Ascochyta gossypii Woron. | 80–100 | 8–10 | 1.5–4 | Hyaline, oblong or shortly cylindrical, on both ends rounded, at the midth |
Ascochyta abelmoschi Harter (Harter, 1918) | Abelmoschus esculentus | 65–225 | 4–14 | 2.1–4.5 | Hyaline, cylindrical to ovoid, straight or curved, first one-celled, afterwards |
Ascochyta abutilonis Khokhr. | Homonym zu Ascochyta abutilonis Hollós | – | – | – | – |
Ascochyta hibisci-cannabini Khokhr. (Tranzschel et al., 1933) | Hibiscus cannabinum | Epiphyll, 180 | 5–10 | 2.5–4.5 | Hyaline, cylindrical, on both ends rounded, first one-celled, afterwards |
Ascochyta abutilonicola Massenot | Abutilon striatus | 100–140 | 16–29 | 5–7 | Hyaline, 1-septate, rarely non or |
Ascochyta sidae Sawada (Sawada, 1959) | Sida acuta | 90–195 | 5–9 | 3–4 | Hyaline, elliptical or ovoid, 1-septate. |
Ascochyta urenae Sawada (Sawada, 1959) | Urena lobata var. tomentosa | 125–150 | 4–8 | 3–4 | Hyaline, elliptical to oblong, rounded at both ends, 1-septate, rarely aseptate, constricted at septum, smooth. |
Ascochyta althaeina Sacc. et Bizz. var. kitaibeliana Mititiuc & Manoliu | Kitaibela vitifolia | 7–12 | 2–2.5 | Cylindrical, not elliptical. |
For the determination of the fungus the usual mycological routine methods of light microscopy were adopted. Pycinidia and conidia of the fungus were stained with Wittmann’s Blue (Wittmann, 1970). Both have been measured using the programme labSens by Olympus.
The conidia of the new species differ in length and width from the other species on Sida and other Malvaceae (s. Table 1).
The diameter of the pycnidia of the new species varies from 66.4–144.87 μm with an average of 94.87 μm. The ostioles measure 11.13–24.97 μm (average 16.78 μm). The conidia are 5.73–11.31 μm long (average 8.11 μm) and 1.77–3.15 μm wide (average 2.62 μm) and show one septum in the midth of the conidia.
Mel‘nik (2000) combined A. althaeina Sacc. & Bizz., A. althaeina Sacc. & Bizz. var. major Brunaud, A. alceina Lambotte & Fautrey, A. montenegrina Bubák, A. malvae H. Zimm., A. abutilonis Hollós, A. malvae Died., A. gossypii Woron., A. gossypii Syd., A. malvarum Mig., A. hibisci-cannabini Khokhr., A. sidae Sawada, A. urenae Sawada to one species, namely Ascochyta malvicola Sacc. But in the two repositories Index Fungorum and Mycobank all of the above mentioned species are valid and legitimate.
The name of the variety brunneocincta in Ascochyta altheina Sacc. et Bizz. var. brunneocincta is according to the protologue hyphenated to brunneo-cincta and the author of the variety is not Brunaud but Passerini.
In the repositories Index Fungorum and Mycobank Ascochyta gossypii Woron. and Ascochyta gossypii Syd. & Syd. are homonyms. But only Ascochyta gossypii Syd. & Syd. is a homonym to Ascochyta gossypii Woron. and besides in the protologue only Syd. is the author.
Ascochyta gossypii Syd. differs from Ascochyta gossypii Woron. for which is now the current name Phoma gossypiicola Gruyter published (Gruyter, 2002) and therefore it should be given a new name to A. gossypii Syd.:
Ascochyta gossypiicola Bedlan nom. nov.
Index Fungorum IF552103
≡ Ascochyta gossypii Syd.
Didymella sidae-hermaphroditae Bedlan sp. nov.
Index Fungorum IF552102
On the upper sides of the leaves brown roundish shaped spots with dark brown margins (Fig. 1). Conidiomata (pycnidia) on the upper side of the leaf spots (Fig. 2). Pycnidia semi-immersed, brown to dark brown, globose, 66.4–144.87 μm diameter (average 94.87 μm). The ostioles measure 11.13–24.97 μm (average 16.78 μm) (Fig. 3).
The conidia are hyaline, oblong-cylindrical, rounded at the ends, 5.73–11.31 μm long with an average of 8.11 μm and 1.77–3.15 μm wide with an average of 2.62 μm and 1 septum in the midth, not constricted at the septum. Young conidia aseptate (Fig. 4). At few conidia one cell is a little bit longer and some are slightly flexuose.
On living leaves of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby.
Type: Austria, Zinsenhof (Lower Austria, district of Melk). On living leaves of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby, 22 June 2015, leg. et det. G. Bedlan (holotype, hb W).
The type specimen has been deposited at the department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Vienna (hb W).
Etymology: The new species found on Sida hermaphrodita is named after the host where it has been found.*
Thanks are due to Alain Lepretre, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants in Berlin, for providing original literature.
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Footnotes:
The plants of Sida hermaphrodita originated from a field belonging to the project “Sida: Intelligent Densified Energy Carriers for Austria (SIDecA)”, financed by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund (KLI.EN) and carried out in the context of the program “e!MISSION.at” |