Quantitative PCR assay for detection of Bois noir phytoplasmas in grape and insect tissue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2013.52.85-89Keywords:
grape diseases, "Vergilbungskrankheit", phytoplasma disease, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)Abstract
In Europe's vineyards "Bois noir" (BN) is an expanding yellows disease on Vitis vinifera. It is associated with phytoplasmas of the stolbur group (16SrXII-A). Two subtypes are important, one is associated with Urtica dioica and one with Convolvulus arvensis. Both phytoplasma types are transmitted by the insect Hyalesthes obsoletus. A nucleic acid extraction method for V. vinifera and H. obsoletus was developed together with a real time PCR (qPCR) assay based on a polymorphic sequence with homology to a putative dimethyladenosine transferase. The comparison of the conventional detection method with the qPCR assay of 40 insect and 40 V. vinifera samples showed a 10 % higher sensitivity of qPCR in plant samples. The titer of phytoplasmas in H. obsoletus was 2643-fold increased in the strongest infected samples compared to the lowest ones. The results suggest this real-time PCR as a valid and fast alternative procedure for the detection and quantification of BN phytoplasmas. The assay allows to discriminate the two phytoplasma types and to quantify phytoplasmas in H. obsoletus.
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