Effet de différentes populations du phylloxéra (<i>Daktulosphaira vitifoliae</i> Fitch) du sud de la France, sur l'expression de la résistance des porte-greffes de vigne 41 B et Aramon x</i>Rupestris<i> Ganzin No. 9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.1999.38.167-178Keywords:
grape phylloxera, biotypes, resistance, rootstock, molecular markers, RAPDAbstract
L'objectif de cette recherche a été de déterminer si le phylloxéra de la vigne peut développer en France des biotypes plus agressifs le rendant capable de surmonter la résistance de certain porte-greffes. Neuf populations de phylloxéra ont été collectées sur différentes variétes et en différents endroits et étudiées sur des racines isolées en survie des porte-greffes 41 B et Aramon x Rupestris Ganzin n° 9 (AxR n° 9). Les populations Quissac et Frontignan se developpent beaucoup mieux sur 41 B que sur AxR n° 9; par contre, les populations Flés, Pouzol et Castelnau, très agressives sur AxR n° 9, le sont beaucoup moins sur 41 B. Finalement, les quatre populations issues de l'Arnel, sont peu performantes sur 41 B et pratiquement inoffensives sur AxR no 9. Les résultats obtenus sont compatibles avec le concept d'une adaptation basée sur l'hôte. Le polymorphisme génétique mis en évidence par les bioessais sur racines isolées a été confirmé par la technique RAPD.
Effect of different phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) populations from South France, upon resistance expression of rootstocks 41 B and Aramon x Rupestris Ganzin No. 9
To determine if grape phylloxera is able to develop more aggressive biotypes which overcome the resistance of some rootstocks in France, 9 phylloxera populations were collected on different varieties and locations and studied on excised root fragments of the rootstock varieties 41 B and Aramon x Rupestris Ganzin n degrees 9 (AxR n degrees 9). Populations from Quissac and Frontignan developed much better on 41 B than on AxR n degrees 9; in contrast, populations from Fles, Pouzol and Castelnau, very aggressive on AxR n degrees 9, were much less effective on 41 B. Finally, the 4 populations from Arnel were ineffective on 41 B and inoffensive on AxR n degrees 9. The data obtained are consistent with the concept that these biotypes are host-based races. Genetic polymorphism disclosed by bioassays on excised roots was corroborated by DNA analysis (RAPD).
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