Identification and characterization of grapevine genetic resources maintained in Eastern European Collections

Authors

  • E. Maul JKI - Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
  • R. Töpfer JKI - Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
  • F. Carka Genetic Resources Centre, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania
  • V. Cornea Research and Practical Institute for Horticulture and Food Technologies, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
  • M. Crespan Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Conegliano, Italy
  • M. Dallakyan Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, Yerevan State University, Armenia
  • T. de Andrés Domínguez Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, (IMIDRA), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
  • G. de Lorenzis Università degli studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Milano, Italy
  • L. Dejeu University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Horticulture, Bucharest, Romania
  • S. Goryslavets National Institute of Vine&Wine “Magarach”, Department of Biologically Clean Products and Molecular-Genetic Research, Yalta, Ukraine
  • S. Grando Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’ Adige (IASMA), San Michele all’ Adige, Italy
  • N. Hovannisyan Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, Yerevan State University, Armenia
  • M. Hudcovicova Plant Production Research Center Piestany, Piestany, Slovak Republic
  • T. Hvarleva AgroBioInstitute Molecular Genetics, Sofia, Bulgaria
  • J. Ibáñez Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Complejo Científico Tecnológico. Logroño, Spain
  • E. Kiss Szent István University, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Gödöllő, Hungary
  • L. Kocsis University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Keszthely, Hungary
  • T. Lacombe INRA – SupAgro Montpellier, UMR AGAP, Équipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, Montpellier, France
  • V. Laucou INRA – SupAgro Montpellier, UMR AGAP, Équipe Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne, Montpellier, France
  • D. Maghradze Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, Agrarian University of Georgia, University Campus at Digomi, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • E. Maletić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Zagreb, Croatia
  • G. Melyan Armenian Academy of Viticulture and Wine-making, Yerevan, Armenia
  • M. Z. Mihaljević University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Zagreb, Croatia
  • G. Muñoz-Organero Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, (IMIDRA), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
  • M. Musayev Genetic Resources Institute of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (AGRI), Baku, Azerbaijan
  • A. Nebish Department of Genetics, Yerevan State University, Armenia
  • C. F. Popescu University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Horticulture, Bucharest, Romania
  • F. Regner HBLAuBA Klosterneuburg, Klosterneuburg, Austria
  • V. Risovanna National Institute of Vine&Wine “Magarach”, Department of Biologically Clean Products and Molecular-Genetic Research, Yalta, Ukraine
  • S. Ruisa Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Dobele, Latvia
  • V. Salimov Azerbaijani Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, Baku, Azerbaijan
  • G. Savin Research and Practical Institute for Horticulture and Food Technologies, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
  • A. Schneider Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
  • N. Stajner University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • L. Ujmajuridze AGRO - National Center for Grapevine and Fruit Tree Planting Material Propagation, Mtskheta, Georgia
  • O. Failla Università degli studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Milano, Italy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2015.54.special-issue.5-12

Keywords:

biodiversity, grapevine, microsatellites, identification, documentation, germplasm preservation

Abstract

The Near East and the Caucasus regions are considered as gene and domestication centre for grapevine. In an earlier project “Conservation and Sustainable Use of Grapevine Genetic Resources in the Caucasus and Northern Black Sea Region” (2003-2007) it turned out that 2,654 accessions from autochthonous cultivars maintained by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine in ten grapevine collections may belong to 1,283 cultivars. But trueness to type assessment by morphology and genetic fingerprinting still needed to be done. In COST Action FA1003 a first step in that direction was initiated. The following countries participated: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine. Mainly Vitis vinifera accessions (1098 samples) and 76 Vitis sylvestris individuals were analyzed by nine SSR-markers (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZag62, VrZag79). Cultivar identity confirmation/rejection was attempted for 306 genotypes/cultivars by comparison of the generated genetic profiles with international SSR-marker databases and ampelographic studies. The outcome proved unambiguously the necessity of morphologic description and photos (a) for comparison with bibliography, (b) for a clear and explicit definition of the cultivar and (c) the detection of sampling errors and misnomers. From the 1,098 analyzed accessions, 997 turned out to be indigenous to the participating countries. The remaining 101 accessions were Western European cultivars. The 997 fingerprints of indigenous accessions resulted in 658 unique profiles/cultivars. From these 353 (54 %) are only maintained in the countries of origin and 300 (46 %) unique genotypes exist only once in the Eastern European collections. For these 300 genotypes duplicate preservation needs to be initiated. In addition, the high ratio of non redundant genetic material of Eastern European origin suggests an immense unexplored diversity. Documentation of the entire information in the European Vitis Database will assist both germplasm maintenance and documentation of cultivar specific data.

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Published

2015-08-17

Issue

Vol. 54 (2015): Vitis (Special Issue)

Section

Article

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