Die Mineralisation des organisch gebundenen Stickstoffs in Weinbergsböden <p>Teil 1: Die N<sub>min</sub>-Dynamik</p>
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.1991.30.151-166Keywords:
viticulture, soil, nutrition, mineral, nitrogen, mineralization, geological formation, humus, , fertilizing, fallow, climateAbstract
Mineralization of organically bound nitrogen in vineyard soils
Part 1: Nmin dynamics
From 1984 to 1989 outdoor lysimeter experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics of N mineralization depending on season, soil quality, N fertilization and presence of grapevines. Soils were derived from three geological formations, each with a low and a high humus content. The results, based on monthly sampling, can be summarized as following:
- The annual changes of N(min) contents formerly observed in the soils of vineyards (MULLER 1985) were confirmed by the lysimeter experiments. With all treatments, the Nmin levels of soils were highest during mid-summer and lowest during the cold season.
- The annual occurrence of Nmin contents was mainly governed by soil temperature and frequency and quantity of precipitations.
- The level of Nmin was also affected by the geological origin of soil material and the humus contents.
- Muschelkalk soils, usually connected with high humus contents, regularly showed the highest Nmin levels.
- Among soils of comparable humus contents, new red sandstone soil had always the highest, keuper soil the lowest levels of Nmin. Therefore, the humus contents of soils have to be rated with respect to their parent material.
- As the meteorological conditions, geological formation and humus contents are specific of a vineyard site, the Nmin supply power of a certain soil is site-specific as well. It can therefore not be judged by only one, momentary, Nmin test.
- Mineral N fertilization always increased the Nmin contents, varying in relation to the meteorological and other conditions of a given site. Without mineral N fertilization, the Nmin supply power - indicating a gradual reduction of the N reserves of the soil - continuously decreased.
- The investigations verified that, under favourable conditions, mineral N fertilization causes a more or less strong priming effect, leading to excessively high Nmin contents over several weeks. Occasionally, however, immobilization and incorporation of the mineral N fertilizer into the soil biomass (negative priming effect) was observed, either immediately after fertilization or after a short increase of Nmin.
- Vines growing in the lysimeters reduced the Nmin contents of soil not before the 3rd year of planting.
- Use of shed soils, comparable to freshly trenched soils, caused - with all soil types - very intensive mineralization during the first 2 years of the experiment and corresponding high Nmin supply.
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