Pollinator attraction of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> subsp. <i>silvestris</i>
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.1978.17.229-233Abstract
The pollen from the morphologically hermaphrodite flowers of wild grape is sterile. Subsequently, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. silvestris (C. C. GMELIN) HEGI is functionally dioecious. The sterile pollen of these wild-growing plants is the only food source for many insects. While the presence of visually conspicious anthers is necessary in order to attract Halictidae and Syrphidae, they do not appear to have a signal function for beetles. Beetles arrive at the flowers by scent orientation. There are structures in the flowers, called "nectaries", which do not produce nectar and are, in actual fact, odour glands. These structures may be derived from the true nectary.
Die Anlockung blütenbesuchender Insekten durch Vitis vinifera subspec. silvestris
Der Pollen der morphologisch hermaphroditen Blüten der Wildrebe Vitis vinifera L. subspec. silvestris (C. C. GMELIN) HEGI ist steril; die Art muß daher als funktionell diözisch betrachtet werden. Der (sterile) Pollen ist für die Insekten die einzige „Belohnung". Die optisch auffälligen Antheren sind eine notwendige Voraussetzung für die Attraktion der Halictiden (Schmal- oder Furchenbienen) und Syrphiden (Schweb- oder Schwirrfliegen); für Käfer haben sie jedoch keine Signalfunktion. Käfer werden durch Duftorientierung zu den Blüten hingeführt. In den Blüten finden sich Strukturen, die "Nektarien" genannt werden, jedoch keinen Nektar produzieren. Es handelt sich dabei um Duftdrüsen. Es ist anzunehmen, daß die Duftdrüsen abgewandelte Nektarien sind, die eine neue Funktion angenommen haben.
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