Microecology of yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with an English vineyard

Abstract

An extensive environmental study, with particular reference to yeasts and yeast-like organisms, was made of the vineyard at Lang Ashton. The results of this microecological survey were obtainecl by using a variety of techniques in which a quantitative estimate was macle of the yeasts and yeast-like organisms. Sampling was carried out at all stages of grape vine cleveopment. Sources of yeasts and yeastlike organisms included all vine parts as well as the soil, air, other plants ancl animal vectors which frequented those sources. Many potential spoilage organisms, e. g. film yeasts, were present but fermenting yeasts (Saccharomyces spp.) were rarely found. Among the microorganisms isolatecl were new unreported species of Trichosporonoides, Saccharomycopsis (synonym of Endomycopsis), Sporobolomyces, Sporidioboltis, Rhodosporiditim, Candida, Nadsonia and Schizosaccharomyces. Other isolates were identified as species within the genera Aureobasidium, Trichosporon, Sporobolomyces, Rhodotorula, Cryptoccus, Metschnikowia, Torulopsis, Candida, Pichia, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces and Kloeckera.

Mikroökologie der Hefen und hefenähnlichen Organismen aus einem englischen Weinberg

Mit Hilfe verschiedener Schätzmethoden wurde die quantitative Verteilung der Hefen und hefenähnlichen Organismen im Weinberg von Long Ashton ermittelt. Die Probenahme erfolgte in allen Stadien der Rebenentwicklung. Hefen und ähnliche Organismen fanden sich an sämtlichen Teilen der Rebe, im Boden, in der Luft, an anderen Pflanzen sowie an tierischen Überträgern dieses Biotops. Es traten viele potentielle Urheber von Fehlgärungen, z. B. Kahmhefen, auf, während Weinhefen (Saccharomyces spp.) nur selten festgestellt wurden. Unter den isolierten Mikroorganismen befanden sich aus Weinbergen bisher nicht bekannte Arten der Gattungen Trichosporonoides, Saccharomycopsis (syn. Endomycopsis), Sporobolomyces, Sporidiobolus, Rhodosporidium, Candida, Nadsonia und Schizosaccharomyces. Des weiteren wurden Species von Aureobasidium, Trichosporon, Sporobolomyces, Rhodotorula, Cryptocciis, Metschnikowia, Torulopsis, Candida, Pichia, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces und Kloeckera identifiziert.