Les vignes sauvages comme sources de gènes pour l'amélioration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.1974.13.186-197Abstract
Le genre Vitis existe et croît spontanément dans tout l'hémisphère nord, du Japon à la Californie, vern l'ouest, avec seulement quelques lacunes sur les continents et entre les latitudes de 10 à 55° .
La diversité des milieux compris dans ce vaste domaine implique une variation génétique importante dans le genre Vitis. Ceci est renforcé par l'incidence variable des parasites suivant les régions et le développement corrélatif des résistances.
Le fait que, sauf pour les Muscadiniées, il semble n'exister aucune barrière génétique entre les «espèces» de Vitis devrait rendre facile l'utilisation de cette variation pour l'amélioration.
On donnera des exemples de caractères qui peuvent être recherchés chez les vignes sauvages, en essayant de sortir du cadre classique des résistances aux maladies.
Une section finale sera consacrée à l'importance des V. vinifera sauvages en Europe pour la théorie de l'origine des variétés de vigne et pour l'amélioration.
Wild growing vines as gene resources in breeding
The genus "Vitis" is found growing spontaneously throughout the whole northern hemisphere from Japan to California, westwards, with but a few terrestrial gaps, approximately between the latitudes 100 and 550 .
The variety of environments that this huge domain encompasses implies a correspondingly important genetical variation within the genus. This is only increased by the variable prevalence of parasites according to the regions, and the correlative evolution of resistances.
The fact that, with the exception of Muscadinae, there seem to exist no genetic barriers between the "species" of Vitis should make it very easy to use this variation in breeding.
Examples will be given of traits that may be sought for in wild growing vines, with an attempt to look beyond the now classical search for disease resistance. In a final section, interest will be focussed to the importance of wild-growing Vitis vinifera in Europe for the theory of the origin of varieties of grapes and for breeding.
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