Sensibilité de variétés de vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) à l'excoriose (Phomopsis viticola Sacci). Distribution du caractère dans quelques descendances
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.1974.13.206-211Abstract
On sait que l'excoriose ne présente pas la même gravité sur tous les cépages. Cependant, les observations qui sont relatées sont rares et fragmentaires c'est pourquoi nous avons entrepris de préciser le comportement d'un certain nombre de cépages de notre collection (plus de 200) vis-à-vis de cette maladie.
Les notations effectuées confirment l'existence de grandes différences et ont permis de les chiffrer (notes de O à 5). On peut citer les cépages les moins sensibles: Pinot Meunier, Mourvèdre, Riesling, Cinsaut, Cabernet Franc, Ugni blanc; et parmi les plus sensibles: Chasselas, Semillon, Baroque, Gros Vert, Alphonse Lavallée, Cardinal.
Ces observations, lorsqu'elles seront confirmées, pourront orienter, nous semble-t-il, l'application des méthodes de lutte à chaque cépage.
Nous avons cherché, dautre part, à préciser le mode de transmission héréditaire de la réaction variétale à la maladie. Pour celà, nous avons mis au point une technique d'inoculation artificielle de rameaux herbacés en survie, assortie d'un mode de notation approprié.
Les observations effectuées sur des descendants issus d'autofécondation des deux cépages Merlot et Alicante Bouschet ainsi que sur ceux issus du croisement entre ceux-ci, semblent indiquer une dominance de la moindre sensibilité à l'excoriose.
Sensibility of grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) to excoriose (Phomopsis viticola Sacc.).
Distribution of the character in some progenies
It is known that excoriose is not equally severe to ail grape varieties. However, published observations are scanty and fragmentary; we therefore started a study on the behaviour of a number of varieties in our collection (more than 200) to this parasite.
Visual scoring on a O to 5 scale confirmed the existence of important differences: Pinot Meunier, Mourvèdre, Riesling, Cinsaut, Cabernet Franc, Ugni blanc ranged among the least susceptible varieties; Baroque, Gros Vert, Alphonse Lavallée, Cardinal, Chasselas, Semillon were among the most susceptible ones.
Once these observations are confirmed, they might be useful in adjusting of control methods to each variety.
On the other hand, we tried to investigate the inheritance of the varietal response to the parasite. For that purpose, we devised an artificial inoculation technique using eut herbaceous shoots and a scoring scale.
Observations on progenies from selfings of the varieties Merlat and Alicante Bouschet, as well as on those of the crossing between these varieties, indicate that low susceptibility to excoriose might be dominant.
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