Ploidiechimären bei europäischen <i>Vitis vinifera</i>-Sorten
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.1973.12.89-92Abstract
An drei bisher als tetraploid bezeichneten Klonen der Sorten Portugieser, Riesling und Scheurebe und deren diploiden Ausgangsformen wurde die Zellgröße und das Kernvolumen der Epidermis der Beeren während der Reife untersucht. Bei der Sorte Portugieser wurde auch der Längen/Breiten-Index der Epidermiszellen der Beeren und die Zellgröße der Epidermis der Samenschalen untersucht. In den meisten Fällen waren die Differenzen zwischen den Epidermiszellen der di- und tetraploiden Klone nicht signifikant. Die Epidermis der tetraploiden Klone dürfte also diploid sein.
Durch Untersuchungen der Chromosomenzahl an Wurzelspitzen und in der Meiose, durch Messungen der Durchmesser der Pollenkörner und durch Untersuchungen der Nachkommenschaften konnte eindeutig nachgewiesen werden, daß die subepidermalen Zellen der tetraploiden Klone tetraploid sind. Somit können die betreffenden Klone als Ploidiechimären mit diploider Epidermis und tetraploiden subepiclermalen Schichten bezeichnet werden.
Ploidychimeras in European Vitis vinifera cultivars
In three clones of the cv. Portugieser, Riesling and Scheurebe, hitherto called tetraploid, and the diploid strains from which they have originated, the cell size and the volumes of the nuclei of the surface layer of the berries during the course of ripening were investigated. In the cv. Portugieser the length/width index of the surface layer cells of the berry and the size of the surface layer cells of the seed coat were also investigated. In most cases no significant differences have been observed between the cells of the surface layer of the diploid and tetraploid strains. The surface layer of the tetraploid strains should therefore be diploid.
By counting the chromosome number in the root tips and in the meiosis, by measuring the diameter of the pollen grains and by investigating the offspring it could be shown that the inner layers of the so-called tetraploid strains are really tetraploid. It can, therefore, be concluded that the tetraploid strains of the mentioned cultivars are ploidychimeras with a diploid surface layer and tetraploid inner layers.
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