Framework for an expert evaluation for the evolution of weed resistance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5073/jka.2014.443.004Abstract
The apparent rate of evolution of resistance of weeds to herbicides has increased substantially over the past decade. Data suggests phenotypic expression is affected by the mechanism of action of the herbicide, the taxonomy of the weed, the extent and frequency of selection and the agronomic context of herbicide use that contribute to the development of herbicide resistance. The opportunities for herbicide resistance are maximized in weeds that produce prolific seed, have relatively short half-life in the seedbank, and are obligate outcrossers; for herbicides that have a single target site that is not conserved or have multiple non-target resistance mechanisms; and in management, those management systems that do not use a diverse set of weed management tools and rely only on herbicides for weed control. The ability to identify weed and herbicide combinations that are most likely to develop herbicide resistance can aid in education and management systems to delay herbicide resistance.
Keywords: Herbicide resistance, resistance management, resistance Index, integrated weed management
Rahmen für eine Experten-Bewertung für die Entwicklung der Unkrautresistenz
Zusammenfassung
Die Herbizidresistenz von Unkräutern hat in den letzten zehn Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Versuchsergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Entwicklung der Herbizidresistenz von dem Wirkmechanismus der Herbizide, der Taxonomie der Unkräuter, dem Ausmaß der Selektion und den agronomischen Verhältnissen beeinflusst wird. Die Gefahr einer Herbizidresitenz nimmt bei Unkrautarten zu: mit hoher Samenproduktion, relativ niedriger Überlebensrate in der Bodensamenbank, obligater Auskreuzung, bei Unkräutern mit einem Zielort, mit einer Nichtzielort-Resistenz, einseitiger Unkrautbekämpfung. Es ist erforderlich Ursachen zu identifizieren, die die Herbizidresistenz fördern. Dies kann dazu beitragen durch Änderung von Managementsystemen die Entwicklung der Herbizidresistenz zu verzögern.
Stichwörter: Herbizidresistenz, Resistenzmanagement, Resistenzindex, integrierte Unkrautbekämpfung
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