Consequences of restrictions for applications of pesticides by aerial spraying in the forest

Abstract

The outbreak of the pine moth (Dendrolimus pini L.) in pine stands (Pinus silvestris L.) occurring from 2013 to 2015 in the eastern parts of Lower Saxony shows the time and area related consequences of officially restrictions for practical aerial application of pesticides. Untreated areas and edges of forests were heavily defoliated and died on nearly 100 hectare, followed by total damage and clear cut. Treated areas survived and could be kept alive even after defoliation. This paper points out and discusses the actual practice of pesticides registration, aerial application technique and the ecological, operational and silvicultural consequences for the affected private forest owners.